Publisher weinheim year 1959 isbndescription an excellent and very comprehensive guide but it only gives very short descriptions of the uses without any details of how to utilize the plants. The genus balanophora balanophoraceae in sabah, malaysia. Their inflorescences superficially represent those of b. Balanophora fungosa, parasitic plants online botanical society of. The isolated phenylpropanoids chiefly ranged over simple phenylpropanoids, lignans and coumarins. Asia southern china, indian subcontinent, myanmar and. Apis cerana visiting flowers of the holoparasitic plant balanophora fungosa ssp.
This is balanophora fungosa, on the forest floor of mossman gorge, near cairns in queensland, australia. Hansen is recognised by some authorities, such as the flora of china. Within the genus balanophora agamospermy was found only in b. Under this license the authors allow anyone to download, cite, use the. Fagerlinds papers have shed doubt on the use of the terms ovary cell, ovule and pendulous nature of the latter, as there seems to be no cavity in the ovary. The plant list includes 99 scientific plant names of species rank for the genus balanophora. Balanophora fungosa balanophoraceae australasian pollen and. Sep, 2007 presented here is summary information about the species balanophora fungosa from the global compendium of weeds, and citations of references to this species as a weed. It is called as markata pippali in sanskrit, gajapippali in hindi, bengali and kannada, attitippali or kallanthippali or nilabomb in malayalam, enugatippali in telugu, and bhoomi budalam or veruchedi in tamil. Balanophora fungosa information from the global compendium of. Phenolic acids from balanophora involucrata and their. Balanophora fungosa, sometimes known as fungus root is a flowering plant in the family balanophoraceae and occurs in south asia, southeast asia, australia and some pacific islands. Notice the pale colored modified leaves at the bases of these two shoots.
Balanophora fungosa, parasitic plants online botanical. North queensland naturalist online journal volume 47 2017. The culms turn a burgundyred when exposed to morning sun. The rhizomes of these plants are sometimes processed to produce wax, but the plants are not abundant enough for commercial wax production. Lab 3 part 1 tissues and the integumentary free download as powerpoint presentation. Rhizome branched or unbranched, containing sticky wax balanophorin, smooth or rugose with small scaly warts andor stellate lenticels.
Balanophoraceae, the balanophora family of flowering plants, which includes about 18 genera containing more than 100 species of root parasites that are distributed primarily throughout the tropics. Pharmacognostical studies on balanophora fungosa a. This plant is included in the list of negative list, which are restricted and prohibited for export. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. Rate heterogeneity in six proteincoding genes from the. Citation download citation kenji suetsugu and toshiyuki aoyama apis cerana visiting flowers of the holoparasitic plant balanophora fungosa ssp. Lab 3 part 1 tissues and the integumentary epithelium.
G 14 were isolated from the aerial parts of the parasitic plant balanophora japonica. Presented here is summary information about the species balanophora fungosa from the global compendium of weeds, and citations of references to this species as a weed. Stellate warts in the three species investigated,b. The plastid genomes of these parasitic plants are often highly reduced in size and gene content and are divergent in other ways too. The female flowers are the very very small white dots on the top of the dome. Definitions of terms are available in the gcw introduction. Melanin synthesis inhibitors from balanophora fungosa. Sep 23, 2015 this page was last edited on 18 december 2019, at 09. The white tipped structures at the base are male flowers. Checklist eflora home people search help actkey hu cards glossary eflora home people search help actkey hu cards glossary. Aboveground parts are small and distinctly funguslike, while underground, the plants produce large tuberous growths without any discernable roots. This page was last edited on 18 december 2019, at 09.
Pdf apis cerana visiting flowers of the holoparasitic. Novel genetic code and recordsetting atrichness in the. Many of them distribute in tropical and subtropical regions of asia and oceania, and nearly 20 species are widely ranged in southwest of china 1,2. Tyrosinase tyr, widely distributed in natural from microorganisms to human, is recognized as a key enzyme in melanin synthesis, catalyzing orthohydroxylation of monophenols to odiphenols and then to the corresponding oquinone. The largest genus is balanophora, with more than 15 species su et al. Much of it has been made available to download from the internet. Screening and identification of potential tyrosinase. On the occurrence of parasitic plant balanophora fungosa j. Rhizome yellowish brown, unbranched or in a mass, surface with granular warts and scattered yellow stellate lenticels. Balanophora grows in moist areas and has a wide distribution. Indica, entomological news 1242, 145147, 1 september 2014. All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the creative commons cc0 license. Pdf the genus balanophora balanophoraceae in sabah. Four hydrolyzable tannins named balanophotannins d.
Balanophora species can be either monoecious or dioecious and produce numerous unisexual flowers holzapfel 2001, highly reduced and modified hansen 1972, eberwein et al. Download pdf download all download jpeg 2000 download text. The female flowers form an densely packed apical cone. Characteres generum plantarum, quas in itinere ad insulas. It is an obligate parasite growing on the roots of rainforest trees. The results revealed that ethyl acetate etoac fraction of b. There, few of us pay attention to the smaller group of balanophora fungosa subsp. Balanophora is a genus belonging to the family balanophoraceae which possesses about 120 species all over the world.
Download hires image download to mspowerpoint cite this. From 1969, varieties of those constituents were gradually reported from the genus balanophora. Phytochemicals and biological studies of plants from the. They are present in large, agglomerate masses in the first, singly or in very small clusters in the second, and as completely free, individual, acicular cells. Balanophora is a genus of parasitic plants in the family balanophoraceae. Apis cerana visiting flowers of the holoparasitic plant. Hansen is an accepted name this name is the accepted name of an infraspecific taxon of the species balanophora fungosa j. Balanophora fungosa balanophoraceae australasian pollen.
The objective of this study is to evaluate the lowering of uric acid using balanophora laxiflora extracts and derived phytochemicals on potassiumoxonatepo induced hyperuricemia in mice. It is larger and more vigorous than most fargesias. Balanophora fungosa, sometimes known as fungus root is a flowering plant in the family. Emilia reddyi is described and illustrated as a new species from the eastern ghats of andhra pradesh, india. Plantae plants equisetopsida land plants balanophoraceae balanophora fungosa subsp. Plants of the genera balanophora and langsdorffia contain an inflammable waxy material, and the stems have been used as candles in south america.
The whole plant is a folk medicine for the treatment of irregular menstruation, cough, hemoptysis, traumatic injury and bleeding, dizziness, and gastralgia 1, 2. Balanophora fungosa is a rare holoparasitic flowering plant in taiwan, where it is restricted to the hengchun peninsula in southernmost taiwan, and orchid island lanyu in chinese, a small volcanic island off the southeastern coast of taiwan. The hypouricemic effect of balanophora laxiflora extracts and. Genetic diversity of balanophora fungosa and its conservation. G contain an oxidized hexahydroxydiphenoyl hhdp group. The female flowers form an densely packed apical cone with the male flowers clustered below them. Their structures were characterized on the basis of spectroscopic and chemical evidence. In india, it occurs in the southern states of karnataka, maharashtra, tamil nadu, kerala and goa.
The holoparasitic flowering plant balanophora displays extreme floral reduction and was. Balanophora is a flowering plant that parasitizes roots of trees. Pharmacognostical studies on balanophora fungosa a negative. It resembles emilia scabra, emilia javanica, and emilia sonchifolia, but is distinct by the stem which is woody at the base, the strictly cauline leaves, and floral characters. Balanophora is a genus of parasitic plants in the family balanophoraceae found in parts of tropical and temperate asia, including the malesia region, pacific islands, madagascar, and tropical africa. Nonsynonymous d n and synonymous d s substitutions per site were both estimated for proteincoding genes. Many groups of flowering plants have become parasites and have lost the capacity to carry out photosynthesis. Borinda fungosa was introduced as seed from china in 1993 as a fargesia. The six bclass genes of balanophora identified, three each from b. Pdf pharmacognostical studies on balanophora fungosa a. In this study we confirmed their presence in taiwan by morphological and phylogenetic analysis using nuclear 18s rdna and nrits sequences with related taxa. Pdf the genus balanophora balanophoraceae in sabah, malaysia.
Sighting data download kml csv geojson species details kingdom plantae plants class equisetopsida land plants family balanophoraceae scientific name balanophora fungosa subsp. Balanophora, india, root holoparasite, sikkim himalaya. The ecology of this root parasite is poorly known and a preliminary study was undertaken at speewah to identify vertebrates that feed at balanophora flowers and may thus be pollinators. Rhizome branched or unbranched, containing sticky wax balanophorin, smooth. Musky rat kangaroos and other vertebrates feeding from the flowers of the root parasite balanophora fungosa. Balanophora fungosa is a fleshy, leafless herb that is total parasitic on the roots or rhizomes of various host species. Balanophoraceae has sometimes been placed by most authorities in its own order, balanophorales, but. First record of balanophora tobiracola makino balanophoraceae. Cytotoxic hydrolyzable tannins from balanophora japonica. Characteres generum plantarum, quas in itinere ad insulas maris australis. Polyplethia griffith tieghem plants monoecious or dioecious. This small apparently leafless plant is a rootparasite and resembles a fungus with a large rounded head. Balanophora fungosa information from the global compendium.